The Occupational Therapy Practice Framework: Domain and Process, 4th Edition (AOTA, 2020) lists sexual activity as an activity of daily living (ADL) and defines it as engaging in the broad possibilities for sexual expression and experiences by oneself or with others (e.g., hugging, kissing, foreplay, masturbation, oral sex, intercourse). 

According to the World Health Organization (2002), sexuality is a broader term than sexual activity and includes physical, emotional, and sociocultural dimensions; it encompasses intimacy, sex, reproduction, gender identity and roles, reproductive capacities, and sexual orientation.

Occupational Therapy students consider sexual health as part of Occupational Therapy practice, but experience lack of knowledge of sexual health related to disease/disability, cultural diversity, age, and sexual orientation (Areskoug-Josefsson & Fristedt, 2019).

Occupational therapy practitioners have the distinct educational and training to address sexuality and sexual activity. Although occupational therapists recognize the legitimacy of sexuality and sexual expression for people with disabilities, they continue to exclude sexuality from practice (McGrath & Sakellariou, 2016).

Occupational therapy can offer clients a safe environment that allows the client to express fears, concerns, and assistance with problem solving. Occupational therapy practitioners bring a holistic approach through the use of skills such as empathy, sensitivity, and openness that are necessary parts to building a therapeutic relationship required for addressing sexuality and sexual activity (AOTA, 2013).